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1.
Инвентарный номер: нет.
   
   S 91


   
    Sub-100 fs streak tube (computer-aided design, manufacturing, testing) [Электронный ресурс] / N. V. Ageeva, S. V. Andreev, V. P. Degtyareva, D. E. Greenfield, S. R. Ivanova, A. M. Kaverin // Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering. - 2009. - Vol. 7126, art. № 71261B
ББК 53
Рубрики: ФИЗИКА
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
FEMTOSECOND RESOLUTION -- STREAK TUBES -- PHOTOCATHODE SUBSTRATE
Аннотация: In the present communication we describe the design of the sub-100 fs streak-tube that may be used for commercial streak cameras manufacturing. Careful attention is paid to preparing of a very smooth input photocathode substrate on which a low surface resistance (1-5 Ohm/) photocathode of S-1 type is deposited. Our estimations have shown that the photocathode surface roughness of about tens of nanometers may restrict the ultimate time resolution at the level of 100 fs. This is the reason why the photocathode substrate surface has to be smooth within the units of nanometers. The curvature of the photocathode surface is also very important to compensate the difference in the time-of-flight of electrons emitted from the central and peripheral photocathode areas. Further modernization was conducted with a photocathode - accelerating mesh assembly. The assembly may operate with 2-3 ns (FWHM) electrical pulses of 12-15 kV amplitude. In order to improve the S/N ratio in the streaked images, a shuttering system was incorporated inside the tube. As the result, a completely new femtosecond streak tube of PV-FS-M type was designed, manufactured, and tested

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2.
Инвентарный номер: нет.
   
   S 91


   
    Sub-100 fs streak tube (computer-aided design, manufacturing, testing) [Электронный ресурс] / N. V. Ageeva, S. V. Andreev, V. P. Degtyareva, D. E. Greenfield, S. R. Ivanova, A. M. Kaverin // Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering. - 2009. - Vol. 7126, art. № 71261B
ББК 53
Рубрики: ФИЗИКА
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
FEMTOSECOND RESOLUTION -- STREAK TUBES -- PHOTOCATHODE SUBSTRATE
Аннотация: In the present communication we describe the design of the sub-100 fs streak-tube that may be used for commercial streak cameras manufacturing. Careful attention is paid to preparing of a very smooth input photocathode substrate on which a low surface resistance (1-5 Ohm/) photocathode of S-1 type is deposited. Our estimations have shown that the photocathode surface roughness of about tens of nanometers may restrict the ultimate time resolution at the level of 100 fs. This is the reason why the photocathode substrate surface has to be smooth within the units of nanometers. The curvature of the photocathode surface is also very important to compensate the difference in the time-of-flight of electrons emitted from the central and peripheral photocathode areas. Further modernization was conducted with a photocathode - accelerating mesh assembly. The assembly may operate with 2-3 ns (FWHM) electrical pulses of 12-15 kV amplitude. In order to improve the S/N ratio in the streaked images, a shuttering system was incorporated inside the tube. As the result, a completely new femtosecond streak tube of PV-FS-M type was designed, manufactured, and tested

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3.
Инвентарный номер: нет.
   
   S 82


   
    Steady-state and transient performance of a miniature loop heat pipe / Chen. Yuming, M. Groll, R. Mertz, Yu. F. Maydanik // International Journal of Thermal Science. - 2006. - Vol.45. - С. 1084-1090
ББК 53
Рубрики: ФИЗИКА
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
LOOP HEAT PIPES -- HEAT TRAHSFER -- ELECTRONICS COOLING
Аннотация: A series of tests have been carried out with a miniature loop heat pipe (mLHP), which has been developed for consumer electronics cooling, for horizontal and four vertical orientations under different sink temperatures. The mLHP has a cylindrical evaporator of 5 mm outer diameter and 29 mm length. The steady-state operating characteristics are similar for different orientations except for the orientation where the evaporator is above the compensation chamber. At an evaporator temperature of 75 °C, an evaporator heat load up to 70 W can be reached with thermal resistance of about 0.2 °C/W. The transient behavior of the mLHP is studied in detail. In general, the mLHP can be started up with very low power input (5 W). Big temperature oscillations in the liquid line were found in many cases, however, the temperature oscillations in the evaporator are minimum. The orientations greatly influence the operating characteristics of the mLHP. At least for the horizontal orientation, the overall performance of the tested mLHP is satisfying

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4.
Инвентарный номер: нет.
   
   S 82


   
    Steady-state and transient performance of a miniature loop heat pipe / Chen. Yuming, M. Groll, R. Mertz, Yu. F. Maydanik // International Journal of Thermal Science. - 2006. - Vol.45. - С. 1084-1090
ББК 53
Рубрики: ФИЗИКА
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
LOOP HEAT PIPES -- HEAT TRAHSFER -- ELECTRONICS COOLING
Аннотация: A series of tests have been carried out with a miniature loop heat pipe (mLHP), which has been developed for consumer electronics cooling, for horizontal and four vertical orientations under different sink temperatures. The mLHP has a cylindrical evaporator of 5 mm outer diameter and 29 mm length. The steady-state operating characteristics are similar for different orientations except for the orientation where the evaporator is above the compensation chamber. At an evaporator temperature of 75 °C, an evaporator heat load up to 70 W can be reached with thermal resistance of about 0.2 °C/W. The transient behavior of the mLHP is studied in detail. In general, the mLHP can be started up with very low power input (5 W). Big temperature oscillations in the liquid line were found in many cases, however, the temperature oscillations in the evaporator are minimum. The orientations greatly influence the operating characteristics of the mLHP. At least for the horizontal orientation, the overall performance of the tested mLHP is satisfying

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5.
Инвентарный номер: нет.
   
   S 82


   
    Steady state operation of a copper–water LHP with a flat-oval evaporator / S. Becker, S. V. Vershinin, V. Sartre, E. Laurien, J. Bonjour, Yu. F. Maydanik // Applied Thermal Engineering. - 2011. - Vol.31, №5. - С. 686-695. - Библиогр.: с. 695 (24 ref.)
ББК 53
Рубрики: ФИЗИКА
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
LOOP HEAT PIPE -- HEAT TRAHSFER -- EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Аннотация: In order to dissipate the heat generated by electronic boxes in avionic systems, a copper–water LHP with a flat-oval evaporator was fabricated and tested at steady state. The LHP consists of a flat shaped evaporator, 7 mm thick, including compensation chamber with attached heat exchanger. The condenser is cooled by forced convection of liquid. The variable parameters are the heat sink and ambient temperatures (20 and 55 °C), the orientation (−90° to +90° in two perpendicular planes) and the power input (0–100 W). Evaporator wall temperatures are higher when the evaporator is placed above the condenser. For heat sink and ambient temperature of 20 °C the evaporator wall temperature does not vary much with heat load for all measured elevations. But it fluctuates at heat sink and ambient temperature equal to 55 °C when the evaporator is placed below the condenser. The LHP total thermal resistance is governed by the condenser resistance. It decreases with increasing heat load, whatever the operating conditions, because the part of the condenser internal surface area used for condensation increases too. A minimum thermal resistance of 0.2 K/W was obtained. The maximum thermal resistance was 2.7 K/W

\\\\expert2\\NBO\\Applied Thermal Engineering\\2011, v. 31, p.686.pdf
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6.
Инвентарный номер: нет.
   
   S 82


   
    Steady state operation of a copper–water LHP with a flat-oval evaporator / S. Becker, S. V. Vershinin, V. Sartre, E. Laurien, J. Bonjour, Yu. F. Maydanik // Applied Thermal Engineering. - 2011. - Vol.31, №5. - С. 686-695. - Библиогр.: с. 695 (24 ref.)
ББК 53
Рубрики: ФИЗИКА
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
LOOP HEAT PIPE -- HEAT TRAHSFER -- EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Аннотация: In order to dissipate the heat generated by electronic boxes in avionic systems, a copper–water LHP with a flat-oval evaporator was fabricated and tested at steady state. The LHP consists of a flat shaped evaporator, 7 mm thick, including compensation chamber with attached heat exchanger. The condenser is cooled by forced convection of liquid. The variable parameters are the heat sink and ambient temperatures (20 and 55 °C), the orientation (−90° to +90° in two perpendicular planes) and the power input (0–100 W). Evaporator wall temperatures are higher when the evaporator is placed above the condenser. For heat sink and ambient temperature of 20 °C the evaporator wall temperature does not vary much with heat load for all measured elevations. But it fluctuates at heat sink and ambient temperature equal to 55 °C when the evaporator is placed below the condenser. The LHP total thermal resistance is governed by the condenser resistance. It decreases with increasing heat load, whatever the operating conditions, because the part of the condenser internal surface area used for condensation increases too. A minimum thermal resistance of 0.2 K/W was obtained. The maximum thermal resistance was 2.7 K/W

\\\\expert2\\NBO\\Applied Thermal Engineering\\2011, v. 31, p.686.pdf
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7.
Инвентарный номер: нет.
   
   M 43


    Maydanik, Yu. F.
    Review: Loop heat pipes with flat evaporators [Electronic resource] / Yu. F. Maydanik, M. A. Chernysheva, V. G. Pastukhov. - [Б. м. : б. и.]. - Систем. требования: http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-84898450074&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=Maydanik&st2=YU.+F. - 27.08.2014. - Bibliogr. : p. 306-307 (60 ref.). - Б. ц.
ББК 53
Рубрики: ФИЗИКА
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
ELECTRONICS COOLING -- LOOP HEAT PIPE -- FLAT EVAPORATOR
Аннотация: The paper contains an analytical review of developments, results of tests and simulation of loop heat pipes (LHPs) with disk-shaped, rectangular and flat-oval evaporators. Two main directions have been noted in the development of flat evaporators, which may be arbitrarily separated into evaporators with opposite replenishment (EORs) and evaporators with longitudinal replenishment (ELRs). The bodies of such evaporators are made of stainless steel, copper, aluminum. For making wicks use is made of sintered powders and mesh of stainless steel, nickel, titanium, copper, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and ceramics. Monoporous and biporous capillary structures are considered. Water, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, and acetone have been tested as working fluids. The best results were shown by the combination "copper-copper-water" at temperatures above 70 °C, when on trials an evaporator thermal resistance of less than 0.01°C/W and a heat flux close to 1000 W/cm2 were achieved. For temperatures below 70°C the most efficient combination is "stainless steel-nickel-ammonia".

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8.
Инвентарный номер: нет.
   
   M 43


    Maydanik, Yu. F.
    Review: Loop heat pipes with flat evaporators [Electronic resource] / Yu. F. Maydanik, M. A. Chernysheva, V. G. Pastukhov. - [Б. м. : б. и.]. - Систем. требования: http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-84898450074&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=Maydanik&st2=YU.+F. - 27.08.2014. - Bibliogr. : p. 306-307 (60 ref.). - Б. ц.
ББК 53
Рубрики: ФИЗИКА
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
ELECTRONICS COOLING -- LOOP HEAT PIPE -- FLAT EVAPORATOR
Аннотация: The paper contains an analytical review of developments, results of tests and simulation of loop heat pipes (LHPs) with disk-shaped, rectangular and flat-oval evaporators. Two main directions have been noted in the development of flat evaporators, which may be arbitrarily separated into evaporators with opposite replenishment (EORs) and evaporators with longitudinal replenishment (ELRs). The bodies of such evaporators are made of stainless steel, copper, aluminum. For making wicks use is made of sintered powders and mesh of stainless steel, nickel, titanium, copper, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and ceramics. Monoporous and biporous capillary structures are considered. Water, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, and acetone have been tested as working fluids. The best results were shown by the combination "copper-copper-water" at temperatures above 70 °C, when on trials an evaporator thermal resistance of less than 0.01°C/W and a heat flux close to 1000 W/cm2 were achieved. For temperatures below 70°C the most efficient combination is "stainless steel-nickel-ammonia".

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9.
Инвентарный номер: нет.
   
   M 73


   
    Miniature loop heat pipes-a promising means for cooling electronics / Yu. F. Maydanik, S. V. Vershinin, M. A. Korukov, J. M. Ochterbeck // IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies. - 2005. - Vol.28, №2. - С. 290-296
ББК 53
Рубрики: ФИЗИКА
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
LOOP HEAT PIPES -- HEAT-TRANSFER DEVICE -- MINIATURE LOOP HEAT PIPE
Аннотация: Loop heat pipes (LHPs) are highly efficient heat-transfer devices, which have considerable advantages over conventional heat pipes. Currently, miniature LHPs (MLHPs) with masses ranging from 10-20 g and ammonia and water as working fluids have been developed and tested. The MLHPs are capable of transferring heat loads of 100-200 W for distances up to 300 mm in the temperature range 50-100°C at any orientation in 1-g conditions. The thermal resistance for these conditions are in the range from 0.1 to 0.2 K/W. The devices possess mechanical flexibility and are adaptable to different conditions of location and operation. Such characteristics of MLHPs open numerous prospects for use in cooling systems of electronics and computer systems

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10.
Инвентарный номер: нет.
   
   M 73


   
    Miniature loop heat pipes-a promising means for cooling electronics / Yu. F. Maydanik, S. V. Vershinin, M. A. Korukov, J. M. Ochterbeck // IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies. - 2005. - Vol.28, №2. - С. 290-296
ББК 53
Рубрики: ФИЗИКА
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
LOOP HEAT PIPES -- HEAT-TRANSFER DEVICE -- MINIATURE LOOP HEAT PIPE
Аннотация: Loop heat pipes (LHPs) are highly efficient heat-transfer devices, which have considerable advantages over conventional heat pipes. Currently, miniature LHPs (MLHPs) with masses ranging from 10-20 g and ammonia and water as working fluids have been developed and tested. The MLHPs are capable of transferring heat loads of 100-200 W for distances up to 300 mm in the temperature range 50-100°C at any orientation in 1-g conditions. The thermal resistance for these conditions are in the range from 0.1 to 0.2 K/W. The devices possess mechanical flexibility and are adaptable to different conditions of location and operation. Such characteristics of MLHPs open numerous prospects for use in cooling systems of electronics and computer systems

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